Effluent Treatment Station (ETE) is a process unit that treats wastewater of domestic and/or industrial origin. The generation of liquid effluents arises from the segregation of sewage of sanitary or chemical origin, waste generated in industrial units.
Effluents of sanitary origin are processed in Sewage Treatment Stations, essentially biological treatment processes.
Effluents of industrial origin are also processed in Effluent Treatment Stations, which use hybrid technology.
Based on the characterization of the effluent (analysis of color, turbidity, toxicity, odor, pH, SST, pathogenicity, among others), its waste classification is given, as well as the process technology for its treatment. Thus, there are as many different types of ETE's as there are different types of effluents.
- Physical processes: Removal of solids, suspended particles, sands, clays, oils and fats.
- Chemical processes: Chemical reactions promote the removal of pollutants, adapting them to the later stages of treatment.
Control of pH, coagulation/flocculation, oxidation and disinfection of residues are the most used reactions.
- Biological processes: Microorganisms convert the organic load into inert compounds, mineral salts, water and CO2.
In aerobic processes, supplemental oxygen dosage is essential, but in anaerobic processes, the oxygen used is present in the compounds that will be converted.
The success of the ETE operation, as well as the control strategies, is validated from laboratory analyses.
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