Water treatment station (WTS) is a process unit in which the physical-chemical treatment of raw water is carried out, to make it fit for use. Raw water is collected from underground or surface sources, or a combination of both can be used, depending on the ETA's design specifications.
After treatment, the final water is classified as for industrial use, in accordance with the standards and specifications of compatibility of process equipment (heat exchangers, cooling towers, fire hydrants, etc.) or suitable for distribution and human consumption, portable water (In Brazil, in accordance with ORDINANCE GM/MS No. 888, OF MAY 4, 2021).
The most widespread technology is the complete cycle type, which consists of the unit operations of: Coagulation, flocculation, decanting and filtration.
From the filtration, we can already say that the water has the necessary specifications for industrial use.
The first step is coagulation/flocculation, when through chemical agents (coagulants), such as sulfate or polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the suspended particles agglomerate, gain mass, and then precipitate at the bottom of a tank. decantation, moving on to the next step, filtration.
Filtration is a strictly physical process, in which the decanted water flows through filters made up of different layers of gravel, sand and coal.
In the final phase, it receives additives from chemicals that correct pH, chlorine, for disinfection and fluoride, with the aim of preserving the dental health of the population.
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